In response to many quries about emission standards and their limits, I have included this page for reference of the different emission standards over the years for Diesel Vehicles. For the respective Japanese standards they are for Trucks and Buses, Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) >3.5 tons.

European Standards:

Euro 3 (October 2000)
NOx: 5.0
PM: 0.10
CO: 2.1
NMHC: 0.66

Euro 4 (October 2005)
NOx: 3.5
PM: 0.02
CO: 1.5
NMHC: 0.46

Euro 5 (October 2008)
NOx: 2.0
PM: 0.02
CO: 1.5
NMHC: 0.46

EEV
NOx: 2.0
PM: 0.02
CO: 1.5
NMHC: 0.25

Euro 6 (Preliminary, Jan 2013)
NOx: 0.5
PM: 0.01
CO:  1.5
NMHC: 0.13

All values are in grams per kilowatt hour (g/kWh). Note that the difference between Euro 5 and EEV ratings are in the emission of hydrocarbons (NMHC).

Japanese Standards:

Heisei 6 (1994) Emission Regulations (Short-term). Emission code KC-.
NOx: 6.0
PM: 0.7
CO: 7.4
NMHC: 2.9

Heisei 11 (1999) Emission Regulations (Long-term). Emission code KL-.
NOx: 4.5
PM: 0.25
CO: 7.4
NMHC: 2.9

Heisei 15/16 (2003-2004) Emission Regulations (Short-term)
NOx: 4.22 (3.38)
PM: 0.35 (0.18)
CO: 3.46 (2.22)
NMHC: 1.47 (0.87)

Heisei 17 (2005) Emission Regulations (Long-term).
NOx: 2.7 (2.0)
PM: 0.036 (0.027)
CO: 2.95 (2.22)
NMHC: 0.23 (0.17)

Heisei 21/22 (2009/2010) Emission Regulations (Update of Heisei 17 Regulations, post long-term (ポスト新長期規制))
NOx: 0.9 (0.7)
PM: 0.013 (0.010)
CO: 2.95 (2.22)
NMHC: 0.23 (0.17)

All values are in grams per kilowatt hour (g/kWh). Regulations from Heisei 6 to 15/16 are based on the ‘D-13′ model, regulations after that are based on the ‘JE-05′ model. Brackets contain the average value.

For Heisei 17 Emission Regulations, there are various codes for different tiers of fuel economy and emissions. The following is a breakdown on the three-letter codes for heavy vehicles.

First alphabet (Conformity to Heisei 17 Emission Regulations):
A: Not conforming to any specific category
B: PM10 and NOx reduction
N: NOx reduction
P: PM10 reduction

Second alphabet (Hybrid vehicle/Fuel Consumption):
C: Hybrid vehicle but not conforming/not applicable to Heisei 27 Fuel Consumption Regulation.
D: Non-hybrid vehicle, not conforming/not applicable to Heisei 27 Fuel Consumption Regulation.
J: Hybrid vehicle, conforming to Heisei 27 Fuel Consumption Regulation.
K: Non-hybrid vehicle, conforming to Heisei 27 Fuel Consumption Regulation.

Third alphabet (Type of vehicle):
G: Gross vehicle weight >3.5 tons.

Examples:

Hino Blue Ribbon City (BJG-HU8JMFP): Heisei 17 Emissions, PM10 and NOx reduction category, hybrid vehicle conforming to Heisei 27 Fuel Consumption Regulation, gross vehicle weight >3.5 tons.

Mercedes Benz Citaro/Citaro G Euro 5/EEV: Heisei 17 Emissions (no specific category), non-hybrid vehicle, not conforming to Heisei 27 Fuel Consumption Regulation, gross vehicle weight >3.5 tons = ADG.

Hence this explains why you would be able to see codes like Volvo KC-B10M (Heisei 6 Emissions, Mark 4 B10M) which is in fact a Euro 2 vehicle and perhaps a Mercedes Benz ADG-O530G (Citaro G Euro 5/EEV).

For Heisei 21/22 Post long-term Emission Regulations released early 2009, the values of NOx and PM are reduced greatly to match gasoline vehicles. This standard, although slightly higher in CO value, shows the commitment to the environment. This is also currently the most stringent emission standard applicable to diesel vehicles in the world.

For vehicles above 12 tons GVW (gross vehicle weight), the regulation applies on 2009/10/01 for new models. For present production vehicles and import vehicles, the deadline is 2010/09/01.

For vehicles with GVW 3.5 to 12 tons, the regulation applies on 2010/10/01 for new models. For present production vehicles and import vehicles, the deadline is 2011/09/01.

Below is a breakdown of codes used in the Heisei 21/22 Post long-term Emission Regulations.

LCG- : Diesel hybrid vehicle with GVW >12 tons, conforming to H21 emission regulation.
LDG- : Diesel non-hybrid vehicle with GVW >12 tons, conforming to H21 emission regulation.
LKG- : Diesel non-hybrid vehicle with GVW > 12 tons, conforming to H21 emission and H27 fuel consumption regulations.
LJG- : Diesel hybrid vehicle with GVW >12 tons, conforming to H21 emission and H27 fuel regulations.

SCG- : Diesel hybrid vehicle with GVW 3.5 to 12 tons, conforming to H22 emission regulation.
SDG- : Diesel non-hybrid vehicle with GVW 3.5 to 12 tons, conforming to H22 emission regulation.
SKG- : Diesel non-hybrid vehicle with GVW 3.5 to 12 tons, conforming to H22 emission and H27 fuel consumption regulations.
SJG- : Diesel hybrid vehicle with GVW 3.5 to 12 tons, conforming to H22 emission and H27 fuel consumption regulations.

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